Lebanon one year on: Growing needs amid uncertainty

23 September 2025

The war left extensive devastation across southern Lebanon, Baalbek-Hermel, and the suburbs of Beirut, compounding the effects of an ongoing economic collapse. Infrastructure—including health facilities, water, and electricity systems—was heavily damaged.

“I came back to repair the damages to my house,” says Abdel Karim, his words almost drowned out by the hum of an Israeli drone overhead. “But without safety and the ability to afford basic things like medicines, how can anyone really start over?”

One year has passed since Israel escalated its war in Lebanon, yet the humanitarian crisis is far from over. Despite the ceasefire agreement in November 2024, Israeli attacks are almost a daily reality, hindering people’s ability to recover and restricting their access to care. Israeli forces are still occupying several points along the southern border preventing people’s return and leaving more than 82,000 displaced.

Houses and infrastructure in the southern governorates, and especially in border towns, remain destroyed one year after the escalation of the Israeli war in Lebanon. Aita ash-Shaab, Aug 2025.

Lifting the rubble

Abdel Karim returned to his town in Bint Jbeil district of the Nabatiyeh governorate – one of the hardest hit areas – where he now receives his chronic disease medications from Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) mobile clinic. Thousands of families across Lebanon struggle to access healthcare as they attempt to rebuild their lives amid or after nightmares of displacement, loss and uncertainty.

In southern Lebanon, war has devastated infrastructure, including healthcare facilities. At the height of the escalation, eight hospitals, mostly in the southern areas, were evacuated, while 21, or around 13 per cent of the country’s total, were damaged, drastically reduced their services or were forced to close. Another 133 primary healthcare facilities also shut their doors, and Nabatieh alone lost 40 per cent of its hospital capacity. Today, many damaged facilities remain closed, and many need rehabilitation.

After the escalation, MSF set up new activities in the hardest-hit governorates—Nabatieh, the South, and Baalbek-Hermel, while maintaining its presence and provision of services in Beirut, Bekaa and the North. In the southern governorates, where available services remain financially out of reach for many returnees, MSF set up mobile clinics to ensure communities’ access to vital medical and mental health services. MSF is also rehabilitating and supporting three primary healthcare centres to restore provision of services in areas of return.

Heavy burden

“Wars leave an immense toll on the communities that are directly impacted,” says Tharwat Saraeb, a psychologist with MSF’s mobile clinic in the Nabatieh governorate. “Here, not a day goes by without people re-experiencing the devastation. Drone sounds, continued occupation of lands and non-stop airstrikes all deepen the suffering of people.”

MSF teams on the ground continue to witness the human cost of the escalation and the lasting impacts of a war that has not fully abated. Many patients live in fear and uncertainty, many unable to begin recovery. Mental health needs are also profound, as children and adults alike experience stress, anxiety and constant fear.

“My daughter faints at the sound of any strike, even if it’s far away,” says Samira, another patient of MSF’s mobile clinic. “She has a child of her own, and we all tremble with fear – it affects us all deeply."

MSF mobile clinic in the most heavily-impacted governorate of Nabatieh. After the ceasefire, and in 2025, MSF expanded its response in southern Lebanon.

A shared plight

The war devastated Lebanese families, refugees and migrants alike. Lebanon is home to more than a million Syrian refugees, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, and many migrants who already live in precarious conditions. These communities were excluded from many relief efforts during the escalation, despite facing the same urgent needs for food, shelter and healthcare. One year on, refugees’ and migrants’ needs are neglected. Their access to secondary healthcare through humanitarian organisations is at risk.

By the end of 2025, the UN Refugee Agency and the International Organization for Migration will cease covering secondary healthcare, while UNRWA and UNICEF face unprecedented funding cuts. The severe global funding cuts for humanitarian programs leave enormous needs unmet, create new vulnerabilities and deepen existing ones.

For people like Abdel Karim and Samira, rebuilding their lives remains an uphill battle. MSF teams remain committed to providing services wherever they’re needed, ensuring that communities are not left without access to vital healthcare. Yet true recovery will only be possible when people can live free from fear and can access the medical, mental health and essential services they so urgently need to start over.

Lebanon one year on: Growing needs amid uncertainty